The natural colour of the wood is a pale golden brown, but it can be bleached or stained to simulate other woods, e. Department of forestry and wood technology, federal university of technology akure, ondo state, nigeria, between may 2012 and september 2012. Thanks to the lower water content and structural changes. The wood of norway spruce is an important natural resource in germany, austria, slovakia, the czech republic, romania, as well as the scandinavian countries. National wood flooring association technical publication no. This has been confirmed by a great number of studies of which the recent ones by. Presents properties of wood and woodbased products of particular concern to the architect and engineer. This moisture relationship has an important influence on wood properties and performance.
Properties of solid wood and laminated wood lumber. Cocowood is the processed stem fibre of the coconut palm cocos nucifera. Pdf wood properties of teak tectona grandis from a mature. Cold press application to the wood samples before the heat treatment could be a solution to reduce the decrement in the mechanical properties of solid wood. These important innovations can facilitate use of urban timber. This chapter discusses the physical properties of most. The project gutenberg ebook of the mechanical properties.
Properties and processing facts for coconut wood revised august 2010. Physical properties of wood designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge. Discover certian hardwood, softwood and exotic wood properties and uses here at lees wood projects. Wood chemical composition hemicellulose a celluloselike material in the wood cell wall that is easily decomposed by dilute acid to yield simple sugars extractives organic material deposited during heartwood formation gums, resins, oils, alkaloids. A guide to determining wood properties of acacia koa.
Pdf physical properties of scots pine wood from the notecka. Pdf physical properties of scots pine wood from the. The vision of the division is to achieve excellence in research, development and transfer of technology in wood properties for better and appropriate end uses for conservation of natural resources. Wood properties forest products laboratory usda forest service. Trees are subjected to the influence of different ecological factors throughout their lives. The experiment was laid out in complete block design cbd. Wood anatomy 20 primary components lignin it affects wood properties. Module 8 wood utilization and technology nova scotia. Properties of wood there are fewer species of conifers. Part of the workshop companion, a collection of information on wood, woodwork, woodworking skills, woodworking materials, and woodworking plans that together form the core knowledge needed by woodworkers, furniture makers, cabinetmakers, turners, and other practioners of the wood arts to become competent. Wood materials used in cabinets and furniture are products of nature and include numerous color hues, grain patterns and other natural characteristics. Wood is primarily composed of hollow, elongate, spindleshaped cells that are arranged parallel to each other along the trunk of a tree.
Physical properties of scots pine wood from the notecka forest article pdf available in sylwan 1607. This method is useful with such species as the southern pines, douglasfir. Sometimes it grows over 90 metres high and four and one half metres in diameter. It is largely such properties that determine the use of wood for structural and building purposes and innumerable other uses of. The chemical properties of a substance describe which chemical change can happen to the substance. The physical properties of wood, including color, weight, texture, grain, and pattern.
The properties of materials and their everyday uses children need to have experience of, and explore as many different materials substances as possible in order to make sense of their world. It can also be treated with teak oil giving it more protection against the elements. Teak the wood database lumber identification hardwood. A comparison of mechanical and physical wood properties of a range of sitka spruce provenances foreword sitka spruce currently accounts for 60% of the forest estate in i reland. Since the number of species of commercial timbers are increasing, better knowledge of the properties and uses of these timbers is. Department of forestry and wood technology, federal university of technology akure, ondo state, nigeria. Wood handbookchapter 4mechanical properties of wood. Log from community teak plantations in java and eastern indonesia technical report itto ppd 12106 rev.
When lumber and other products are cut from the tree, the characteristics of these fibrous cells and their arrangement affect such properties. Physicalmechanical properties and natural durability of. Log qualities, wood properties and processing of teaklog. Burning is the chemical change that shows this property. Uncertainties concerning transient woodwater relations in buildings and building components have demanded a more thorough investigation on basic moisture transport in wood and related properties. In wood gas as engine fuel fao presents a summary of modern wood gasification technology and the economics of its application to internal combustion engines. Thailand, burma and india are just three countries. Survey of selected adhesive bonding properties of nine. This chapter discusses the structure of wood, its physical and mechanical properties, and the manufacturing and grading processes for sawn lumber and glulam. Umesh kanna 1department of tree breeding, forest college and research institute, tamil nadu agricultural university, mettupalayam, tamilnadu, india. Despite its natural oils, teak usually glues and finishes well, though in some instances it may be necessary to wipe the surface of the wood with a solvent prior to gluingfinishing to reduce the natural oils on the surface of the wood. Physical properties of wood is the property of its rightful owner.
Overall, the wood properties of teak from a unmanaged forest in east timor were comparable to those reported for plantation teaks of other origin. Dudley and jodi yamasaki summary the primary attribute of acacia koa is the quality of its wood as determined by color, figure, density, strength, shrinkage, durability, and workability. Log qualities, wood properties and processing of teaklog from. It has been the primary source of raw material for the thriving timber processing sector. Dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the wood samples which were cold pressed and then heat treated in a oven were considerably higher than the unpressed control samples. Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts 1 we have not used ocroptical character recognition. The properties and uses of wood 1885, koehler arthur b. Teak can have a leatherlike scent when freshly milled. We will discuss commercial wood species, wood structure, lumber grades, water movement in wood, how wood dries, specific gravity and weight of wood, wood shrinkage, stress development during drying, and electrical and thermal properties of wood. Includes discussion of designing with wood and woodbased products along with some pertinent uses.
Physical and mechanical properties of selected wood. The mechanical properties of wood are its fitness and ability to resist applied or external forces. As a raw material picea abies, norway spruce wood, has wide application as a building material and in industry, especially in northern european countries. Wood is a material with mechanical properties that vary markedly, both within a tree and among trees. Each wood species, within its division, are differentiated by their own distinct properties and characteristics.
Average moe value of the samples containing 60% and 80% wood fiber without having any chemicals was found 2109 mpa. Teak is a natural wood, ideal for outside furniture. Cellulose, the major chemical component of fiber wall and contributing 4045% of the woods dry weight, is composed of linear chains of dglucose linked by. Module 8 wood utilization and technology preface an educational priority of the nova scotia department of natural resources is to help landowners manage their woodlots.
Perhaps the easiest way to fix this issue is to get suggestions and help from a trusted and reliable source. Comparative study of wood physical and mechanical properties of melia dubia with tectona grandis at different age gradation v. In some cases, there are often many varieties of the same species. This situation will continue for some time into the future.
Wood gas as engine fuel food and agriculture organization. The project gutenberg ebook of the mechanical properties of. During corona time, exams are executed in mycourses, with quiz or assignment or turnitin activity. Because of the greater density of latewood, the proportion of latewood is sometimes used to judge the strength of the wood. High quality and genuine teak wood is hard to identify for customers since it requires some knowledge and experience about woods. The worldwide market for timbers has few select wood types that are praised above others, and while few types are praised for their exquisite properties, the famous teak remains constant in a world of changing tastes. Physical and mechanical properties of selected wood species. Acoustic studies on wood a thesis submitted to the university of canterbury in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of masters of forestry science by helge hansen the new zealand school of forestry. These ecological factors are physiographic, climatic, edaphic and biotic factors, and significantly affect the growth of the tree, ring structure, and its microscopic, physical and. Two different kinds of domestic thinning smalldiameter softwood ginko biloba l. Includes discussion of designing with wood and wood based products along with some pertinent uses. Winandy,usdaforest service, forest products laboratory, 1wisconsin wood structure physical properties mechanical properties factors affecting properties of wood properties and grades of sawn lumber glossary allowable propertyvalue of a property normally published for design use. They are identified more specifically by characteristics such as. Understanding how materials behave in their natural state and under certain conditions will help them to understand why objects are made of specific.
The mechanical properties of wood open education process okfn, india the mechanical properties of wood including a discussion of the factors affecting the mechanical properties, and methods of timber testing samuel j. Ppt physical properties of wood powerpoint presentation. Wood is one of the most versatile and widely used materials in the world. The field survey was designed to gather baseline data on communitygrown teak plantations such as size, productivity, quality, silviculture practices. Norwegian wood this bird has flown the beatles guitar. The size of communitygrown teak plantation in major growing areas in java and eastern indonesia central bureau of statistic 2004 province number of number of trees household total 1 ready for harvest2 west java 171,907 4,053,909 5. The completion of itto project po 4188 i lithe identification, properties and uses of tropical timber imported to china from southeast asia will. Influence of wood anisotropy on its mechanical properties in relation. Chemical changes are not the same as chemical properties. Norwegian wood this bird has flown is a song by the beatles from the album rubber soul. Presents properties of wood and wood based products of particular concern to the architect and engineer. Wood handbookchapter 3physical properties and moisture. Technical notes on wood properties and uses author.
These trees bear cones and most of them have needle. Summarizes information on wood as an engineering material. There was an overall increase of woods physical and mechanical properties from the breast height to the top of the tree. Mechanical properties of wood forest products laboratory. The properties of materials and their everyday uses.
Texts on different aspects of wood gasification, prepared by specialists, are the basis of this publication. Drying lumber is also an important part of the manufacturing process. Teak is world wide recognized for its durability and stability, the timber is immense stable, has a high oil content that works as builtin natural water repellent and is therefore. This has been confirmed by a great number of studies of which the recent ones by winandy 1994, simpson and tenwolde 1999 and. It can be used in anything from wood carving and creating small wooden items, such as chairs and rocking horses, to building timber structures and sheds. Increasing density of wood essentially results in increased mechanical properties niemz 1993 per volume involved.
Kretschmann contents orthotropic nature of wood 41 elastic properties 42 modulus of elasticity 42 poissons ratio 42 modulus of rigidity 43 strength properties 43 common properties 43 less common properties 424 vibration properties. Mechanical and physical properties of the panels manufactured from combination of plastic and wood material and fiber with addition of various types of chemicals are shown in table 3. The exam can be executed in course workspace or, if there is no course workspace, in separate exam workspace, with self enrolment key or the teacher adds students manually. Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of solid wood lumbers which were cold pressed in a press and then heat treated in a kiln. It contains natural oils that protect it against wet and cold weather. A comparison of mechanical and physical wood properties. Often considered to be one of the most important timbers in the world, teak has managed to remain in popularity because of its rare combination of mechanical and physical properties. A guide to determining wood properties of acacia koa nicklos s. A comparison of properties and uses purdue extension. It is reported that 4,000 species occur in indonesia, 500 species in the philippines and. Reduced water absorption has to be taken into account when working with water solvent glue or paint. Wood is an extremely versatile material with a wide range of physical and mechanical properties among the many species of wood. The outer, higher density stem fibre has properties similar to many hardwood timbers and is suitable for high value flooring products. The research material was obtained from the lumber of pine wood, which on the basis of the four sided planing process was divided into 2 groups.
Earlywood is lighter in weight, softer, and weaker than latewood. Pdf wood properties of teak tectona grandis from a. This thesis is a result of a comprehensive study on hygroscopic moisture transport in wood in general and spruce picea abies in particular. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with. The most important factors that affect the growth of the trees are trees genetic structure and ecological factors. There are literally thousands of wood species that grow throughout the world. It is a relatively cheap wood and the durability of this wood makes it a good choice for doors, floors, structural parts of furniture, plywood and veneers. Wood properties and uses wpu division erstwhile timber utilization branch was created in the institute when icfre was setup in 1988. Physical properties of wood designing buildings wiki. Teak is one of the most valuable timbers, the king under the timbers, in ancient times considered as a royal timber. As a manufacturer of wood components, woodcraft industries believes there is a crucial need to educate our company, customers, and consumers in regard to naturally occurring wood characteristics. By external force is meant any force outside of a given piece of material which tends to deform it in any manner. This module is the eighth in a series of woodlot management home study courses designed to meet this goal.
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